Alwaght-Over the past two years, Erdogan's government has been faced with the numerous challenges inside and outside of Turkey. Based on ideas of Ahmet Davutoglu in his plan known as "zero problems with neighbors", Turkish government's foreign policy has been a complete failure. Based on the analysis of the political role of Turkey in Mideast, its foreign policy has not been a success, but a failure which leads to the numerous challenges and risks in Turkey.
There have been at least two major challenging issues in the Erdogan's foreign policy in 2013. Protests in Gezy Park and Taghsim Square were the first issue, since Turkey's stability have been endangered due to unrest in several Turkey's cities for a few weeks.
The involvement of some Erdogan's cabinet members and their children in the administrative scandal was the second problem as the aftermath of Turkey's financial crisis. They were charged for money laundering and bribery which questioned Erdogan's desired image in Turkey and made his government face corruption, and consequently the coalitions of his administration were changed. Therefore, it made him break up his relationship with some of his fans, friends and the political flows. Accordingly, he made to shake hand with other flows and figures.
To prove his claim, Erdogan broke his alliance with the judges and the army. In fact, Erdogan in alliance with the judges was able to reduce the military power. Now, he was forced to deal with the military alliance against the disclosures of judges and judiciary system. It is necessary to mention that the re-trial of the leaders, accused of the military coup against his government were enquired by Erdogan. It can reduce domestic pressure on Erdogan in the short term period and reduce the possible risks of coup by Turkish military; the re-orientation of military forces would not be welcomed by Erdogan in the long term period, though.
Erdogan is particularly involved in resolving the issue of Kurds in Turkey. Turkish army has always been against his viewpoint in this regard. In addition, reorienting the army could have benefit for the community of Turkey's Alavi, because Turkish Alavi constitutes the body of the Turkish army. Therefore, Erdogan's alliance with the army as a temporary coalition will be a risk for Erdogan's administration in the future. Accordingly, it seems very difficult for Justice and Development Party to win the next Turkey's elections due to these challenges. The oppositions of parties and their supporters in multi-party political system is a real challenge for Erdogan's administration. Republican People's Party is the main party against Erdogan's. This party has the secular procedures and policies and almost repudiates all domestic and foreign policies of The Justice and Development Party. This issue makes the situation more difficult for Erdogan and limits authorities of his administration over some certain cases.
In addition, Erdogan's government also faces faults of identity, ethnicity and religion in Turkey. In fact, Turkey's fragmented society witnesses endless faults and gaps. Turkish- Kurdish, Sunni-Alavi and urban-rural gaps along with a large class gap have arisen due to development of the oriented policies of Erdogan's administration in recent years. These gaps have caused major social and political challenges for his administration for the last two years. For example, on the one hand, Erdogan failed to achieve a comprehensive solution for Kurdish issue. On the other hand, his role in Syria has induced Alavi's society conscious identity and consequently, Erdogan has faced with social demands in his country now.
The development and economic growth in Turkey as Erdogan and his government' trump, have faced the challenge of corruption. Due to these issues, the serious challenges and problems are waiting for Erdogan's administration and consequently his party inside and outside of Turkey.
However, Erdogan's opposition can probably cause crisis and put under the question Erdogan and his administration's effectiveness and achievements until the local and presidential elections. This may lead to the more than ever challenges for Erdogan and will create some serious obstacles for victory of Erdogan and Justice and Development Party in the next election campaign.
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In Focus
Ansarullah
A Zaidi Shiite movement operating in Yemen. It seeks to establish a democratic government in Yemen.
Shiite
represents the second largest denomination of Islam. Shiites believe Ali (peace be upon him) to be prophet"s successor in the Caliphate.
Resistance
Axis of Resistances refers to countries and movements with common political goal, i.e., resisting against Zionist regime, America and other western powers. Iran, Syria, Hezbollah in Lebanon, and Hamas in Palestine are considered as the Axis of Resistance.
Persian Gulf Cooperation Council
A regional political u n i o n consisting of Arab states of the Persian Gulf, except for Iraq.
Taliban
Taliban is a Sunni fundamentalist movement in Afghanistan. It was founded by Mohammed Omar in 1994.
Wahhabism & Extremism
Wahhabism is an extremist pseudo-Sunni movement, which labels non-Wahhabi Muslims as apostates thus paving the way for their bloodshed.
Kurds
Kurds are an ethnic group in the Middle East, mostly inhabiting a region, which spans adjacent parts of Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Turkey. They are an Iranian people and speak the Kurdish languages, which form a subgroup of the Northwestern Iranian branch of Iranian languages.
NATO
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization is an intergovernmental military alliance based on the North Atlantic Treaty which was signed on 4 April 1949.
Islamic Awakening
Refers to a revival of the Islam throughout the world, that began in 1979 by Iranian Revolution that established an Islamic republic.
Al-Qaeda
A militant Sunni organization founded by Osama bin Laden at some point between 1988 and 1989
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